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Types of Quality
Structured under Total Quality Management (TQM), Quality Assurance (QA), Quality Control (QC), Quality Analysis, and Quality Inspection
Total Quality Management (TQM)
• Training & Development: Workshops to promote quality principles
→ Example: "Six Sigma for Operators" or "How to Reduce Rework" courses.
• Customer Feedback Analysis: Collect and evaluate client input for improvements
→ Cable Factory: Analyzing client complaints about outer sheath peel-back.
• Cross-Functional Teams: Collaborate across departments on quality issues
→ Example: Maintenance + QA + Production team jointly investigate flame test failures.
• Process Mapping: Analyze/document current processes for gaps
→ Use Case: Documenting the copper wire annealing flow.
• Quality Improvement Projects: Drive initiatives like 5S or Six Sigma
→ Example: Reducing scrap % in the cable cutting section.
Quality Assurance (QA)
• Process Documentation: Maintain updated SOPs
• Internal Audits: Regularly assess process compliance
• Preventive Actions: Identify and mitigate potential risks
• Supplier Quality Management: Monitor vendor compliance
• QMS Maintenance: Oversee and upgrade Quality Management System
→ Example: ISO 9001:2015 system updates.
Quality Control (QC)
• Product Testing: Validate output meets specifications
→ Example: High-voltage test, insulation resistance test.
• SPC (Statistical Process Control): Use data to monitor stability
• Defect Tracking: Log defects and analyze patterns
• Acceptance Sampling: Test samples from batches
• Final Inspection: Confirm quality before dispatch
• Data Collection: Compile records of failures, tests, complaints
Quality Analysis
• Root Cause Analysis (RCA): Identify source of defects
→ Tool: 5-Whys, Fishbone Diagram
• Trend Analysis: Monitor patterns in quality issues
• Performance Metrics Reporting: Report KPIs like defect rate, FPY
• Benchmarking: Compare with industry standards
Quality Inspection
• Visual Inspection: Spot external defects (e.g., jacket color issues)
• Measurement & Testing: Use tools like micrometers, calipers
• Compliance Checks: Ensure specs meet standards (e.g., CPR, UL)
• Documentation of Findings: Record results
• Non-Conformance Management: Implement corrective actions
Tip: Use a layered quality system: TQM for strategy, QA for prevention, QC for detection, and Inspection for execution.