Types of Quality

Structured under Total Quality Management (TQM), Quality Assurance (QA), Quality Control (QC), Quality Analysis, and Quality Inspection

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Total Quality Management (TQM)

• Training & Development: Workshops to promote quality principles 
→ Example: "Six Sigma for Operators" or "How to Reduce Rework" courses.

• Customer Feedback Analysis: Collect and evaluate client input for improvements 
→ Cable Factory: Analyzing client complaints about outer sheath peel-back.

• Cross-Functional Teams: Collaborate across departments on quality issues 
→ Example: Maintenance + QA + Production team jointly investigate flame test failures.

• Process Mapping: Analyze/document current processes for gaps 
→ Use Case: Documenting the copper wire annealing flow.

• Quality Improvement Projects: Drive initiatives like 5S or Six Sigma 
→ Example: Reducing scrap % in the cable cutting section.

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Quality Assurance (QA)

• Process Documentation: Maintain updated SOPs 
• Internal Audits: Regularly assess process compliance 
• Preventive Actions: Identify and mitigate potential risks 
• Supplier Quality Management: Monitor vendor compliance 
• QMS Maintenance: Oversee and upgrade Quality Management System 
→ Example: ISO 9001:2015 system updates.

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Quality Control (QC)

• Product Testing: Validate output meets specifications 
→ Example: High-voltage test, insulation resistance test.

• SPC (Statistical Process Control): Use data to monitor stability 
• Defect Tracking: Log defects and analyze patterns 
• Acceptance Sampling: Test samples from batches 
• Final Inspection: Confirm quality before dispatch 
• Data Collection: Compile records of failures, tests, complaints 

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Quality Analysis

• Root Cause Analysis (RCA): Identify source of defects 
→ Tool: 5-Whys, Fishbone Diagram

• Trend Analysis: Monitor patterns in quality issues 
• Performance Metrics Reporting: Report KPIs like defect rate, FPY 
• Benchmarking: Compare with industry standards

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Quality Inspection

• Visual Inspection: Spot external defects (e.g., jacket color issues) 
• Measurement & Testing: Use tools like micrometers, calipers 
• Compliance Checks: Ensure specs meet standards (e.g., CPR, UL) 
• Documentation of Findings: Record results 
• Non-Conformance Management: Implement corrective actions 

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Tip: Use a layered quality system: TQM for strategy, QA for prevention, QC for detection, and Inspection for execution.