Geca Tapes "Green Book" Water blocking and corrosion protection
                                                                                                                                                                                                             
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
STATEMENT OF CONFIDENTIALITY...3
ABSTRACT ...4
KEY TERMINOLOGY...4
SUMMARY: CABLE PERFORMANCE ...5
SUMMARY: CABLE MANUFACTURING ...6
WHY BOTHER CHANGING THINGS? ...6
A SHORT HISTORY OF UNDERGROUND POWER CABLES......................................................................................6
REDUCTION IN LIFE-CYCLE COSTS ...7
LIFE-CYCLE COSTING ...8
CORROSION PROTECTION ...9
EASE OF FIELD SPLICING...9
HOW DO SUPERABSORBENT POLYMERS WORK?.................................................................................9
SAP CHEMISTRY...9
A WORD OF CAUTION...10
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON SUPERABSORBENT POLYMER MATERIALS.......................................................11
ACTIVE WATER BLOCKING ACTION...11
WATER BLOCKING MATERIALS ...13
TAPES...13
WATER BLOCKING YARNS ...14
WATER BLOCKING FILLER YARNS ...15
WATER BLOCKING FLAT BINDERS...16
HOW WELL DO THE MATERIALS WORK?..............................................................................................16
COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN CABLE MATERIALS.................................................................................................16
LONG TERM THERMAL STABILITY OF WATER BLOCKING TAPES......................................................................17
SHORT TERM STABILITY OF WATER BLOCKING TAPES .....................................................................................18
REPEATABILITY OF WATER BLOCKING ACTION................................................................................................19
CABLE DESIGN...20
CASE STUDY 1: 2500 MM2 EHV SEGMENTED CONDUCTOR ..............................................................................22
CASE STUDY 2: MULTI-CORE LV CABLE ...22
CASE STUDY 3: FULLY WATER BLOCKED 3 X 185 MM2MULTI CORE MV CABLES..........................................23
FROM THE CABLE MAKER'S VIEWPOINT .............................................................................................24
CONDUCTOR WATER BLOCKING BY TAR FILLING VERSUS SUPERABSORBERS ..................................................24
TRUE COSTS OF PRODUCTION ...25
DISADVANTAGES OF SAP POWDER APPLICATION IN CONDUCTOR OR SCREEN.................................................28
DISADVANTAGES OF WATER BLOCKING FILLING COMPOUNDS ........................................................................28
MATERIALS TO USE ...29
YARN SERVERS ...30
HELICAL TAPE SERVERS ...31
LONGITUDINAL TAPE SERVERS ...31
MATERIAL HANDLING AND LOGISTICS ...32
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS ...32
DETERMINE THE BEST WATER BLOCKING METHOD.........................................................................................33
TYPICAL CABLE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY...34
SPLICING METHODS: YARN...34
SPLICING METHODS: TAPE...35