What is the meaning of ADR (dangerous goods) and cables?


ADR

ADR (dangerous goods)

ADR is the name of the European treaty regarding dangerous goods. The treaty contains regulations for traffic regarding packaging, securing of loads, and labelling of dangerous goods.

The Term

ADR is an abbreviation for "Accord européen relatif au transport international des marchandises dangereuses par route", which translates as "The European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road." The international term ADR is so widely used in the transport industry that almost anyone in the industry understands what is meant, regardless of their country of origin.

History

The treaty was signed in Geneva in 1957, but did not come into effect until the end of January 1968. Every two years, it is adjusted to match the latest technical and legal findings. All EU membership states are party to the treaty, the ADR is legally valid thanks to an EU directive. In addition, all other European countries have joined the treaty, along with Morocco, Tunisia, and some of the Central Asian countries that were formerly part of the Soviet Union. In total, the ADR treaty has 48 member states (as of 6/2017).

The Regulations

Every HGV driver who transports dangerous goods requires a hazardous goods licence. The official name for this licence is the ADR training certificate. It is valid for five years and automatically expires if not extended before the expiration date. In order to extend the licence, every driver must pass a refresher course.

Every company that regularly transports dangerous goods requires at least one dangerous goods safety adviser. They are responsible for ensuring that the company complies with provisions and obligations pertaining to dangerous goods.

Every truck that transports dangerous goods requires special equipment. This includes hinged orange hazard signs, a helmet and protective goggles, and two fire extinguishers.


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What Is The Definition Of ADR?

ADR is French for "European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road" which is a treaty dating back to 1957 from the United Nations regarding the governance of international transport of Dangerous Goods. The original French name for the 1957 Treaty was:

"Accord européen relatif au transport international des marchandises Dangereuses par Route"

The most important parts of the regulations are the Annexes – A & B. Annex A with adr definitions covers the packaging and labelling of dangerous goods, and Annex B covers the vehicle, and it's construction, equipment and operation of the vehicle. Subsequently to the initial 1957 Agreement, both Annexes are updated regularly and amended since the introduction of the regulations and we can guide you on ADR signs and meanings . You can find the full Annexes toward the bottom of the page.


Why are there regulations?

Transport of dangerous goods needs to be regulated in order to prevent, as far as possible, accidents to persons or property and damage to the environment, the means of transport employed or to other goods.

However, with different regulations and adr definitions in every country and for different modes of transport, international trade in chemicals and dangerous products would be seriously impeded, if not made impossible and unsafe. Moreover, dangerous goods are also subject to other kinds of regulations, such as work safety regulations, consumer protection regulations, storage regulations and environmental protection regulations.

In order to ensure consistency between all these regulatory systems, the United Nations has developed mechanisms for the harmonisation of hazard classification criteria and hazard communication tools (GHS – Globally Harmonized System) as well as for transport conditions for all modes for transport (TDG – Transportation of Dangerous Goods).

In addition, the UNECE administers regional agreements that ensure the effective implementation of these mechanisms as far as transport of dangerous goods by road, rail and inland waterways are concerned.

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ADR (treaty)

ADR, formally the Agreement of 30 September 1957 concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road, is a 1957 United Nations treaty that governs transnational transport of hazardous materials. "ADR" is derived from the French name for the treaty: Accord relatif au transport international des marchandises Dangereuses par Route). Until 31 December 2020, the treaty was fully named European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road. However, as the word "European" might have given the impression that the treaty was only open for accession to European states, an amendment was decided in the end of 2019.

Concluded in Geneva on 30 September 1957 under the aegis of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, it entered into force on 29 January 1968. The agreement was modified (article 14, paragraph 3) in New York City on 21 August 1975, though these changes only took effect on 19 April 1985. A new amended ADR 2011 entered into force on 1 January 2011. Annexes A and B have been regularly amended and updated since the entry into force of ADR. Consequently, to the amendments for entry into force on 1 January 2015 (until June 2017), a revised consolidated version has been published as document ECE/TRANS/242, Vol. I and II.[1] A further revision applies from 1 January 2017[2]

As of 2022, 53 states are party to ADR.[3]

Contents

The agreement itself is brief and simple, and its most important article is article 2. This article states that with the exception of certain exceptionally dangerous materials, hazardous materials may in general be transported internationally in wheeled vehicles, provided that two sets of conditions be met:

    Annex A regulates the merchandise involved, notably their packaging and labels.
    Annex B regulates the construction, equipment, and use of vehicles for the transport of hazardous materials.

The appendices consist of nine chapters, with the following contents

    General provisions: terminology, general requirements
    Classification: classification of dangerous goods (CDG[4])
    Dangerous Goods List sorted by UN number, with references to specific requirements set in chapters 3 to 9; special provisions and exemptions related to dangerous goods packed in limited quantities
    Packaging and tank provisions
    Consignment procedures, labeling, and marking of containers and vehicles.
    Construction and testing of packagings, intermediate bulk containers (IBCs), large packagings, and tanks
    Conditions of carriage, loading, unloading, and handling
    Vehicle crews, equipment, operation, and documentation
    Construction and approval of vehicles

Hazard classes

The classes of dangerous goods according to ADR are the following:

    Class 1 Explosive substances and articles
    Class 2 Gases, including compressed, liquified, and dissolved under pressure gases and vapors
        Flammable gases (e.g. butane, propane, acetylene)
        Non-flammable and non-toxic, likely to cause asphyxiation (e.g. nitrogen, CO2) or oxidisers (e.g. oxygen)
        Toxic (e.g. chlorine, phosgene)

    Class 3 Flammable liquids
    Class 4.1 Flammable solids, self-reactive substances, and solid desensitized explosives
    Class 4.2 Substances liable to spontaneous combustion
    Class 4.3 Substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases
    Class 5.1 Oxidizing substances
    Class 5.2 Organic peroxides
    Class 6.1 Toxic substances
    Class 6.2 Infectious substances
    Class 7 Radioactive material
    Class 8 Corrosive substances
    Class 9 Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles

Each entry in the different classes has been assigned a 4 digit UN number. It is not usually possible to deduce the hazard class of a substance from its UN number: they have to be looked up in a table. An exception to this are Class 1 substances whose UN number will always begin with a 0. See List of UN numbers.

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