Common Cable Types Used in Russia

Russia has its own unique standards and requirements for cable types, which are guided by local regulations such as GOST (State Standards of the Russian Federation) and TR TS (Technical Regulations of the Customs Union). These standards ensure safety, durability, and suitability for the country's extreme weather conditions. Below is a detailed look at the most common cable types used in Russia.

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1. VVG Cable (PVC-Insulated Flexible Cable)

Description:
VVG cables are one of the most commonly used cables in Russia for general electrical installations. They consist of copper conductors with PVC insulation and sheathing.

Applications:
- Residential and commercial power distribution.
- Indoor and outdoor fixed installations.
- Wiring in walls, ceilings, and floors.

Features:
- Rated for 660V to 1,000V.
- Flame-retardant properties.
- Not suitable for direct burial without protection.

Standards:
- GOST 31996-2012.

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2. NYM Cable

Description:
NYM cables are highly versatile and widely used for low-voltage power supply in buildings. They consist of copper conductors with PVC insulation and an additional outer PVC sheath.

Applications:
- Indoor electrical wiring in homes and offices.
- Suitable for dry and damp environments.

Features:
- Rated for 450/750V.
- Double insulation for added safety.
- Easy to install and strip.

Standards:
- GOST 22483-77.

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3. KG Cable (Flexible Rubber-Insulated Cable)

Description:
KG cables are flexible and designed for portable electrical equipment and temporary installations. They are insulated with rubber for added flexibility.

Applications:
- Portable machinery and tools.
- Temporary power connections on construction sites.
- Industrial environments.

Features:
- Operating temperature range: -60°C to +50°C.
- Highly flexible for easy maneuverability.
- Resistant to mechanical stress.

Standards:
- GOST 24953-81.

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4. SIP Cable (Self-Supporting Insulated Wire)

Description:
SIP cables are used for overhead power lines. They consist of insulated aluminum conductors, often bundled with a steel support wire.

Applications:
- Overhead power distribution.
- Utility connections to residential and commercial buildings.

Features:
- Weather-resistant and durable.
- Can withstand extreme cold and heat.
- Easy to install and maintain.

Standards:
- GOST R 52373-2005.

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5. RKGM Cable (Heat-Resistant Cable)

Description:
RKGM cables are designed for high-temperature environments and feature silicone rubber insulation with a fiberglass braid.

Applications:
- Industrial furnaces and heating systems.
- Electrical installations in high-temperature zones.

Features:
- Operating temperature range: -60°C to +180°C.
- Resistant to oil and chemicals.
- High electrical insulation properties.

Standards:
- GOST 6323-79.

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6. AVVG Cable (Aluminum Core PVC-Insulated Cable)

Description:
AVVG cables are similar to VVG cables but use aluminum conductors instead of copper, making them more cost-effective.

Applications:
- Power distribution in industrial and residential settings.
- Fixed installations in walls, ceilings, and floors.

Features:
- Lightweight and economical.
- Flame-retardant PVC insulation.
- Rated for 660V to 1,000V.

Standards:
- GOST 31996-2012.

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7. Control Cables (KVV, KVP)

Description:
Control cables are used for signal and data transmission in industrial and automation systems. KVV and KVP cables are common variants.

Applications:
- Control systems in factories and power plants.
- Automation and signal transmission.

Features:
- Shielded versions available for electromagnetic interference protection.
- Durable and resistant to mechanical stress.

Standards:
- GOST 1508-78.

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8. Fiber Optic Cables

Description:
Fiber optic cables are increasingly used in Russia for high-speed data transmission and telecommunication networks.

Applications:
- Internet and broadband services.
- Telecommunication infrastructure.
- Data centers.

Features:
- Immune to electromagnetic interference.
- High bandwidth and long-distance capabilities.
- Weather-resistant designs for outdoor use.

Standards:
- GOST R 53315-2009.

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9. High-Voltage Cables

Description:
High-voltage cables are used for transmitting electricity over long distances and for power distribution in industrial facilities.

Applications:
- Utility transmission lines.
- Large industrial power distribution.

Features:
- XLPE insulation for durability and high-temperature resistance.
- Shielded for safety and reliability.
- Resistant to moisture and chemicals.

Standards:
- GOST R 55025-2013.

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10. Armored Cables (VBBShv, AVBBShv)

Description:
Armored cables provide mechanical protection and are suitable for harsh environments. The VBBShv type uses copper cores, while AVBBShv uses aluminum.

Applications:
- Underground power transmission.
- Heavy industrial and outdoor installations.

Features:
- Steel tape armor for mechanical protection.
- Flame-retardant PVC sheath.
- Rated for voltages up to 6 kV.

Standards:
- GOST R 55025-2013.

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Conclusion

Russia's unique climate and industrial demands have led to the development of specialized cable types that meet stringent GOST and TR TS standards. From residential wiring to high-voltage industrial applications, these cables ensure safety, durability, and performance in diverse environments. As technology advances, the cable industry in Russia continues to evolve, adapting to new challenges and opportunities.