Exploring the Subsea Cable Market

To ensure the performance of the designs, increasing use of complex software modelling and analysis tools are employed. Hydro Group engineers routinely utilise packages such as Comsol Multiphysics software to model designs and provide virtual realization of the cable characteristics under a variety of simulated conditions. Transmission characteristics and performance are also simulated with the use of Optem software tools.

Hydro Group regularly incorporates stainless steel tubes, rather than PBT tubes, for all Subsea Cable designs incorporating fiber optics.

The benefits of utilizing optical fibers contained within stainless steel tubes are primarily two fold –

    the attenuation (signal loss) seen in the fiber due to the compressive forces on the glass is minimised as the stainless steel tube protects from the crushing action of the water pressure on the fiber itself.
    The addition of a hydrogen scavenging/absorbing gel is used within the St/St Tube to prevent the potential darkening of the optical fibres due to the natural ingression of small amounts of hydrogen which are present in these extreme conditions.

Both of these advantages over PBT Tubed fiber optics are deemed crucial in the demanding conditions seen by subsea optical cables.


Graham Wilkie (Photo: Hydro Group)

Mechanical factors are extremely significant in the overall performance of subsea cable designs. Often these present a much higher risk in the reliability and durability of the design than all other constraints.  The application of FEA design and modelling tools such as Comsol and Orcaflex allow simulation and analysis of the design to ensure construction and incorporation of components that will meet the dynamic application requirements.

Under Pressure

Understanding the static and dynamic forces that will be applied allow the incorporation of features and components such as Vectran braids and cords for tensile strength in light weight and more flexible applications and Contra Helical steel wire armouring packages where significantly higher mechanical forces will be experienced.

Hydro Group recently invested in a new state-of-the-art hydrostatic pressure vessel, which offers a broader range of testing with a more accurate output. The 2.5 by 1.5 meter vessel has the capacity to pressure test large cable assemblies and equipment up to100 bar, simulating depths of 1000 meters below sea level. This complements the suite of existing pressure vessels that allow simulation of depths to 7000 meters of seawater.

Housed in the company's Aberdeen headquarters, the equipment provides Hydro Group with the ability to design and pressure test complete cable assemblies built for deep waters projects, particularly for the subsea and defence industry.

Advanced Armour

Hydro Group services a global client base, with ocean environments varying significantly in different regions and therefore different risks to consider such as salinity, water temperatures and seabed conditions. As industry explores deeper sea depths, this affects the design and material selection of cables, with challenges such as UV stability, marine growth, microbial attack and even the burrowing Teredo Navalis Shipworm to be addressed.

The combination of the above design factors and the fact that equipment demands are increasing rapidly is driving more customized solutions. In addition to the design approach employed and increased testing capabilities, Hydro Group has invested heavily in new machinery, significantly increasing and improving in-house cable manufacturing capabilities, to compliment this rapidly evolving market.

At the start of 2015, the company installed and commissioned an advanced armouring line, extending its product line providing the company with armouring expertise, offering custom-designed single and multi-layered steel armoured cables in galvanised improved steel and corrosion resistant steels.

The new machinery allows the team to manufacture mechanically protected cables to improve and support subsea operations, which can withstand higher stresses in subsea and defence operations.  As well as contra helical armoured subsea control cables, which act to neutralise the tension and compression forces that occur in the wires each time the cable is bent or flexed.

With a full appreciation of all electrical, optical, mechanical and environmental requirements imposed on the application of the cable a robust and reliable cabling solution can be realized.

Hose Bundles

To further support the needs of industry and in response to significant customer demand, Hydro Group combined expertise to develop a new hydraulics hose product, offering lay-up and over-sheathing of hydraulic hoses for use in umbilical, topside, well intervention projects in the oil and gas industry and any deepwater applications or where there is a high differential pressure between the external and internal pressure of the hose.

The bundled hoses, which are available in ¼" to 2" size from Hydro Cable Systems, a Hydro Group company, integrate hydraulic components with electrical and fibre optic cables, resulting in a more compact and easier to handle assembly.

This new capability allows the company to extrude up to 120mm diameter over composite bundles or single hoses. Final produced lengths can be supplied from 50 to 2000 meters depending on the size of hose, number of components and the finished diameter of the umbilical.

Hydro Group has seen significant investment in equipment, facilities and training, enabling the company to expand capability and offer technical skill and resource to respond to significantly varying demands from our customer's applications.

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