Technical Information Handbook Wire and Cable

1. B asic Principles of Electricity 1
1.1 Electricity 2
1.2 The Volt 2
1.3 The Ampere 2
1.4 The Ohm 2
1.5 Ohm's Law 2
1.6 Ampacity 2
1.7 Electrical Systems 3
2. Conductors 5
2.1 Strand Types 7
2.2 Coatings 10
2.3 Tensile Strength of Copper Wire 10
2.4 Copper Strand Properties 11
2.5 Aluminum Strand Properties 22
2.6 Additional Conductor Properties 26
3. I nsulation and Jacket Materials 33
3.1 Purpose 34
3.2 Types and Applications 34
3.3 Color Coding 38
3.4 Properties 47
4. Shields 55
4.1 Power Cable 56
4.2 Electronic Cable 58
5. Armor 61
5.1 Interlocked Armor 62
5.2 Continuously Corrugated and Welded (CCW) 62
5.3 Basket-Weave 63
5.4 Lead Sheath 63
5.5 Wire Serve 63
6. Cable Types and Selection Criteria 65
6.1 Portable Power and Control 67
6.2 Construction and Building Wire 68
6.3 Control, Instrumentation and Thermocouple 68
6.4 High Temperature 70
6.5 Power 71
6.6 Armored Power and Control 73
6.7 Electronic Cable 73
6.8 Telephone 78
6.9 Military 80
6.10 Shipboard Cables (MIL-DTL-24643, MIL-DTL-24640 and MIL-DTL-915) 81
6.11 Optical Fiber Cables 81
6.12 Tray Cables 84
7. E lectrical Characteristics 85
7.1 DC Resistance of Plated Copper Conductors 86
7.2 DC and AC Resistance of Copper Conductors 89
7.3 DC and AC Resistance of Aluminum Conductors 91
7.4 Reactance and Impedance at 60 Hz 92
7.5 AC/DC Resistance Ratio at 60 Hz 93
7.6 Temperature Correction Factors for Resistance 94
7.7 Voltage Drop 95
7.8 Maximum Conductor Short Circuit Current 96
7.9 Maximum Shield Short Circuit Current 99
7.10 Resistance and Ampacity at 400 and 800 Hz 100
7.11 Current Ratings for Electronic Cables 101
7.12 Ampacity of Power Cables 102
7.13 Basic Impulse Level (BIL) Ratings 102
8. I nstallation and Testing 103
8.1 Receiving, Handling and Storage 105
8.2 Conduit Fill 106
8.3 Pulling 111
8.4 Installation Methods 116
8.5 Overhead Messengers 119
8.6 Vertical Suspension 121
8.7 Hipot Testing 122
8.8 Fault Locating 124
8.9 Megger Testing 125
8.10 Moisture Removal 126
8.11 Fiber Optic Testing 127
8.12 LAN Cable Testing 127
9. Cable Accessories 129
9.1 Coaxial Connectors 131
9.2 Data Connectors 133
9.3 Power Connectors 134
9.4 Fiber Optic Connectors 137
9.5 Cable Tray Systems 143
9.6 NEMA Plug and Receptacle Configurations 145
10. Packaging of Wire and Cable 149
10.1 Reel Size 150
10.2 Reel Handling 157
11. I ndustry Standards 159
11.1 Industry Standards List 161
11.2 Fire Safety Tests 176
11.3 Regulatory and Approval Agencies 182
12. Continental Europe 187
12.1 European Union (EU) Standards 189
12.2 Austrian Standards 197
12.3 Belgian Standards 198
12.4 Danish Standards 199
12.9 Dutch Standards 199
12.5 French Standards 200
12.6 German Standards 202
12.7 Irish Standards 204
12.8 Italian Standards 205
12.10 Norwegian Standards 206
12.11 Portuguese Standards 207
12.12 Spanish Standards 208
12.13 Swedish Standards 209
12.14 Swiss Standards 210
13. U nited Kingdom 213
13.1 Standards 214
13.2 Supply Voltage and Plug Configurations 219
14. Latin and South America 221
14.1 Mexican Standards 222
14.2 Venezuelan Standards 223
14.3 Brazilian Standards 224
14.4 Colombian Standards 224
14.5 Argentine Standards 224
15. Canada 225
15.1 Standards 226
15.2 Cable Types 228
15.3 Supply Voltage and Plug Configurations 231
15.4 Fire Ratings 232
15.5 Single Conductor Teck 90 Terminations 233
16. Asia Pacific 235
16.1 Australian Standards 236
16.2 Singapore Standards 238
16.3 Japanese Standards 239
16.4 Chinese Standards 240
17. Conversion Tables 241
17.1 Metric to English Conductor Size 242
17.2 Circular Measurements – Diameter, Circumference and Area 244
17.3 Length, Weight, Area, Power and Energy 246
17.4 Temperature Conversion 248
17.5 kVA to Amperes 249
17.6 Horsepower to Amperes 250
18. Formulas and Constants 251
18.1 Electrical Properties of Circuits 252
18.2 Resistance and Weight of Conductors 252
18.3 Resistance, Inductance and Capacitance in AC Circuits 253
18.4 Series and Parallel Connections 253
18.5 Engineering Notation 254
18.6 Diameter of Multiconductor Cables 255
18.7 Determination of Largest Possible Conductor in Cable Interstices 255
18.8 Conductor Diameter from Wire Diameter 256
18.9 Coaxial Capacitance 256
18.10 Inductive Reactance 257
Glossary 259
Index 293

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